Indicative values only. These are typical planning figures for direct craft labour (engineering and procurement items are office man-hours), compiled from commonly published estimating ranges and rounded. Real productivity depends on country, site conditions, crew, method, access and specification. Calibrate them against your own records and apply a productivity factor.
How to use a man-hour norm
A norm is the number of man-hours needed to install one unit of work under reference conditions. The estimate for an activity is:
Man-hours = Quantity × Norm (MH/unit) × Productivity factor
For example, 1,200 inch-dia of field butt welds in carbon steel, standard wall, at 1.2 MH per inch-dia with a site factor of 1.25 gives 1,200 × 1.2 × 1.25 = 1,800 man-hours. With a crew of 6 working 10 hours a day, that is 30 working days.
In Planline you pick the norm for an activity, enter the quantity and factor, and the man-hours (and optionally the duration from crew size and hours per day) are calculated for you. You can edit any value or give an activity its own custom norm.
Contents
- Piping fabrication (shop) (Oil & gas (EPCM), 17)
- Welding & NDT (Oil & gas (EPCM), 25)
- Piping erection (Oil & gas (EPCM), 35)
- Mechanical equipment (Oil & gas (EPCM), 20)
- Tanks (Oil & gas (EPCM), 10)
- Electrical (Oil & gas (EPCM), 30)
- Instrumentation & control (Oil & gas (EPCM), 23)
- Insulation (Oil & gas (EPCM), 13)
- Painting & coating (Oil & gas (EPCM), 7)
- Fireproofing (Oil & gas (EPCM), 5)
- Scaffolding (Oil & gas (EPCM), 4)
- Civil & foundations (Oil & gas (EPCM), 18)
- Structural steel (Oil & gas (EPCM), 11)
- Cross-country pipelines (Oil & gas (EPCM), 22)
- Pre-commissioning & commissioning (Oil & gas (EPCM), 13)
- Engineering deliverables (Engineering & procurement, 29)
- Procurement & inspection (Engineering & procurement, 9)
- Software & IT (Engineering & procurement, 6)
- Solar PV (Power & renewables, 12)
- Wind (Power & renewables, 9)
- Transmission & substations (Power & renewables, 15)
- Building MEP (Buildings & infrastructure, 24)
- Roads & drainage (Buildings & infrastructure, 11)
- Interiors & fit-out (Buildings & infrastructure, 9)
- Earthworks (General construction, 3)
- Concrete (General construction, 5)
- Masonry & finishes (General construction, 7)
- Structural steel (General construction, 5)
Oil & gas (EPCM)
Piping fabrication (shop)
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Butt weld, CS, STD (shop) | inch-dia | 0.7 |
| Butt weld, CS, XS / Sch 80 (shop) | inch-dia | 0.94 |
| Butt weld, CS, Sch 160 (shop) | inch-dia | 1.4 |
| Butt weld, SS, STD (shop) | inch-dia | 0.98 |
| Butt weld, SS, XS / Sch 80 (shop) | inch-dia | 1.3 |
| Butt weld, SS, Sch 160 (shop) | inch-dia | 2 |
| Butt weld, alloy/Cr-Mo, STD (shop) | inch-dia | 1.3 |
| Butt weld, alloy/Cr-Mo, XS / Sch 80 (shop) | inch-dia | 1.7 |
| Butt weld, alloy/Cr-Mo, Sch 160 (shop) | inch-dia | 2.5 |
| Butt weld, duplex, STD (shop) | inch-dia | 1.5 |
| Butt weld, duplex, XS / Sch 80 (shop) | inch-dia | 2 |
| Butt weld, duplex, Sch 160 (shop) | inch-dia | 2.9 |
| Socket weld, CS (shop) | inch-dia | 0.45 |
| Socket weld, SS (shop) | inch-dia | 0.63 |
| Cut and bevel, CS (shop) | inch-dia | 0.25 |
| Branch / olet connection, CS (shop) | inch-dia | 1 |
| Spool fabrication all-in, CS (shop) | inch-dia | 1.8 |
Welding & NDT
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Butt weld, CS, STD (field) | inch-dia | 1.2 |
| Butt weld, CS, XS / Sch 80 (field) | inch-dia | 1.6 |
| Butt weld, CS, Sch 160 (field) | inch-dia | 2.4 |
| Butt weld, SS, STD (field) | inch-dia | 1.7 |
| Butt weld, SS, XS / Sch 80 (field) | inch-dia | 2.3 |
| Butt weld, SS, Sch 160 (field) | inch-dia | 3.4 |
| Butt weld, alloy/Cr-Mo, STD (field) | inch-dia | 2.2 |
| Butt weld, alloy/Cr-Mo, XS / Sch 80 (field) | inch-dia | 2.9 |
| Butt weld, alloy/Cr-Mo, Sch 160 (field) | inch-dia | 4.3 |
| Butt weld, duplex, STD (field) | inch-dia | 2.5 |
| Butt weld, duplex, XS / Sch 80 (field) | inch-dia | 3.4 |
| Butt weld, duplex, Sch 160 (field) | inch-dia | 5 |
| Socket weld, CS (field) | inch-dia | 0.75 |
| Socket weld, SS (field) | inch-dia | 1 |
| Radiography (RT), per film | sheet | 0.6 |
| Radiography (RT), joint up to 6" | joint | 1.2 |
| Radiography (RT), joint 8" to 24" | joint | 3 |
| Ultrasonic test (UT), per joint | joint | 1.5 |
| Dye penetrant test (PT), per joint | joint | 0.5 |
| Magnetic particle test (MT), per joint | joint | 0.6 |
| Positive material identification (PMI) | point | 0.25 |
| PWHT, 2" joint (local heat treatment) | joint | 3 |
| PWHT, 6" joint (local heat treatment) | joint | 5 |
| PWHT, 12" joint (local heat treatment) | joint | 8 |
| PWHT, 24" joint (local heat treatment) | joint | 14 |
Piping erection
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Pipe erection, up to 6" (average) | m | 1.5 |
| Pipe erection, 8" to 16" (average) | m | 3.5 |
| Small-bore pipe erection, up to 1-1/2" | m | 0.6 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 2" NPS | m | 0.8 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 4" NPS | m | 1.2 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 6" NPS | m | 1.6 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 8" NPS | m | 2 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 12" NPS | m | 3 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 16" NPS | m | 3.8 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 20" NPS | m | 4.8 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 24" NPS | m | 5.8 |
| Pipe handling and erection, 36" NPS | m | 9 |
| Spool erection, prefabricated | MT | 25 |
| Valve installation, up to 6" (average) | each | 2.5 |
| Valve, screwed / socket weld, up to 1-1/2" | each | 1 |
| Manual valve, flanged, 2" | each | 1.5 |
| Manual valve, flanged, 6" | each | 4.5 |
| Manual valve, flanged, 12" | each | 10 |
| Manual valve, flanged, 24" | each | 30 |
| Motor-operated valve (MOV), 4" | each | 10 |
| Motor-operated valve (MOV), 8" | each | 18 |
| Motor-operated valve (MOV), 16" | each | 30 |
| Pressure safety valve, up to 4" | each | 6 |
| Flanged joint bolt-up, 2" | joint | 1 |
| Flanged joint bolt-up, 6" | joint | 2 |
| Flanged joint bolt-up, 12" | joint | 4 |
| Flanged joint bolt-up, 24" | joint | 9 |
| Controlled torquing / tensioning, per joint | joint | 3 |
| Pipe supports, fabricate and fix | kg | 0.12 |
| Standard support (shoe, guide, clamp) | each | 2.5 |
| Spring hanger / variable support | each | 8 |
| Hydrotest and flushing (average) | m | 0.12 |
| Pneumatic test | m | 0.1 |
| Water flushing | m | 0.08 |
| Reinstatement after test, per test pack | each | 16 |
Mechanical equipment
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Pump set installation and alignment (average) | each | 40 |
| Pump set, motor up to 15 kW | each | 30 |
| Pump set, motor 15 to 75 kW | each | 50 |
| Pump set, motor 75 to 250 kW | each | 90 |
| Pump set, motor above 250 kW | each | 160 |
| Vertical can / turbine pump | each | 120 |
| Centrifugal compressor train | MT | 30 |
| Reciprocating compressor | MT | 35 |
| Static equipment erection (average) | MT | 12 |
| Horizontal vessel / drum | MT | 10 |
| Column / tower, single lift | MT | 14 |
| Column dressing (platforms, ladders) | MT | 40 |
| Shell-and-tube exchanger | MT | 12 |
| Exchanger bundle pull / reinsert | each | 24 |
| Air-cooled exchanger, assembly and erection | MT | 20 |
| Fired heater, erection | MT | 45 |
| Refractory castable lining | m³ | 30 |
| Packaged skid | MT | 8 |
| Column trays, up to 2 m diameter | each | 6 |
| Column trays, above 2 m diameter | each | 12 |
Tanks
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| API 650 bottom plates, lay and weld | MT | 22 |
| API 650 shell plates, erect and weld | MT | 30 |
| Fixed cone roof incl. structure | MT | 35 |
| Floating roof (external / internal) | MT | 50 |
| Tank nozzle, up to 6" | each | 6 |
| Tank nozzle, 8" and above | each | 14 |
| Tank manway | each | 10 |
| Spiral stairway and platforms | MT | 45 |
| Vacuum box test of bottom welds | m | 0.1 |
| Tank hydrotest, fill, hold and drain | each | 80 |
Electrical
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Power cable laying, up to 4C x 95 mm² | m | 0.15 |
| LV cable laying, up to 4C x 16 mm² | m | 0.08 |
| LV cable laying, 4C x 120 to 240 mm² | m | 0.25 |
| Control cable laying | m | 0.06 |
| HV cable, 6.6 / 11 kV, 3C x 95 to 240 mm² | m | 0.35 |
| LV cable termination (average) | each | 1.5 |
| Gland and terminate LV cable, up to 16 mm² | each | 1 |
| Gland and terminate LV cable, 25 to 95 mm² | each | 2 |
| Gland and terminate LV cable, 120 to 240 mm² | each | 3.5 |
| HV termination kit, 11 kV | each | 8 |
| Cable tray installation (average) | m | 0.6 |
| Cable tray, 150 mm wide | m | 0.4 |
| Cable tray, 600 mm wide | m | 0.9 |
| Conduit with wiring | m | 0.35 |
| Earthing strip / conductor | m | 0.3 |
| Earth pit with electrode | each | 6 |
| Transformer, up to 500 kVA | each | 30 |
| Transformer, 1 to 2.5 MVA | each | 60 |
| Transformer, 5 to 10 MVA | each | 150 |
| Transformer, 20 to 40 MVA | each | 350 |
| Panel / switchboard installation (average) | each | 16 |
| LV switchgear, per panel | each | 12 |
| MV switchgear, per panel | each | 24 |
| MCC, per vertical section | each | 10 |
| Motor connection, up to 75 kW | each | 4 |
| Light fixture installation | each | 1.5 |
| Electrical heat tracing cable | m | 0.25 |
| CP impressed-current anode bed | each | 40 |
| CP transformer-rectifier | each | 24 |
| CP test point | each | 4 |
Instrumentation & control
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Field instrument installation (average) | each | 4 |
| Pressure transmitter / switch | each | 4 |
| Differential pressure / flow transmitter | each | 6 |
| Level transmitter (DP / radar) | each | 8 |
| Temperature element with thermowell | each | 3 |
| Pressure gauge | each | 1.5 |
| Inline flowmeter, up to 4" | each | 8 |
| Control valve, 2" (install and hook-up) | each | 4 |
| Control valve, 4" (install and hook-up) | each | 7 |
| Control valve, 8" (install and hook-up) | each | 14 |
| Control valve, 12" (install and hook-up) | each | 22 |
| Process analyser | each | 24 |
| Impulse tubing, SS, 1/2" | m | 0.8 |
| Instrument cable, single pair / triad | m | 0.05 |
| Instrument multicore cable | m | 0.12 |
| Instrument junction box | each | 6 |
| Instrument termination, per core | each | 0.2 |
| DCS system cabinet | each | 24 |
| SIS / ESD cabinet | each | 24 |
| Instrument bench calibration | each | 2 |
| Loop check | loop | 3 |
| Gas detector | each | 3 |
| Flame detector | each | 4 |
Insulation
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Pipe insulation with cladding (average) | m | 0.8 |
| Hot insulation with cladding, 2" pipe | m | 0.5 |
| Hot insulation with cladding, 4" pipe | m | 0.7 |
| Hot insulation with cladding, 8" pipe | m | 1.1 |
| Hot insulation with cladding, 12" pipe | m | 1.5 |
| Hot insulation with cladding, 24" pipe | m | 2.6 |
| Cold insulation with vapour barrier, 2" pipe | m | 0.9 |
| Cold insulation with vapour barrier, 4" pipe | m | 1.3 |
| Cold insulation with vapour barrier, 8" pipe | m | 2 |
| Cold insulation with vapour barrier, 12" pipe | m | 2.7 |
| Cold insulation with vapour barrier, 24" pipe | m | 4.7 |
| Equipment hot insulation | m² | 1.2 |
| Equipment cold insulation | m² | 2.2 |
Painting & coating
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Abrasive blasting to Sa 2.5 | m² | 0.25 |
| Three-coat system, shop | m² | 0.4 |
| Three-coat system, field incl. surface prep | m² | 0.7 |
| Field touch-up of shop coating | m² | 0.5 |
| Pipe painting, up to 4" | m | 0.15 |
| Galvanising touch-up (zinc-rich) | m² | 0.5 |
| Thermal-sprayed aluminium (TSA) | m² | 1 |
Fireproofing
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Cementitious fireproofing, 25 mm | m² | 1.2 |
| Cementitious fireproofing, 50 mm | m² | 1.8 |
| Intumescent, thin-film | m² | 0.8 |
| Epoxy intumescent (hydrocarbon fire) | m² | 1.2 |
| Concrete encasement fireproofing | m³ | 20 |
Scaffolding
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Scaffold erection, system | m³ | 0.12 |
| Scaffold dismantling, system | m³ | 0.06 |
| Scaffold, tube and clamp, erect and dismantle | m³ | 0.25 |
| Hanging / cantilever scaffold | m² | 1.5 |
Civil & foundations
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Site clearing and grubbing | m² | 0.02 |
| Bulk excavation, mechanical | m³ | 0.1 |
| Bored pile, 600 mm diameter | m | 1.2 |
| Bored pile, 1000 mm diameter | m | 2 |
| Driven precast concrete pile | m | 0.6 |
| Blinding / lean concrete | m³ | 3 |
| Formwork, foundations | m² | 1.6 |
| Reinforcement, foundations | MT | 22 |
| Concrete, equipment foundation | m³ | 5 |
| Concrete, pipe rack column / foundation | m³ | 8 |
| Precast pipe sleeper, set in place | m | 1.5 |
| Anchor bolt setting | each | 1.5 |
| Cementitious grout under baseplate | m³ | 30 |
| Epoxy grout under machinery | m³ | 60 |
| Concrete paving, 150 mm | m² | 0.6 |
| Bund / dyke wall, concrete | m³ | 9 |
| Chain-link security fence | m | 1.2 |
| Manhole / sump pit | each | 24 |
Structural steel
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Steel fabrication, light (<30 kg/m) | MT | 45 |
| Steel fabrication, medium (30 to 75 kg/m) | MT | 35 |
| Steel fabrication, heavy (>75 kg/m) | MT | 25 |
| Steel erection, light | MT | 28 |
| Steel erection, medium | MT | 20 |
| Steel erection, heavy | MT | 14 |
| Pipe rack steel erection | MT | 18 |
| Miscellaneous steel (brackets, platforms) | MT | 60 |
| Grating installation | m² | 0.8 |
| Handrail and toe plate | m | 1 |
| Stairs and stair towers | MT | 50 |
Cross-country pipelines
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| ROW clearing and grading | km | 300 |
| Pipe stringing | joint | 0.8 |
| Mainline weld, 8" (spread crew) | joint | 6 |
| Mainline weld, 12" (spread crew) | joint | 9 |
| Mainline weld, 16" (spread crew) | joint | 12 |
| Mainline weld, 24" (spread crew) | joint | 18 |
| Mainline weld, 36" (spread crew) | joint | 30 |
| Mainline weld, 48" (spread crew) | joint | 42 |
| AUT of mainline weld | joint | 1.5 |
| Field joint coating (HSS / FBE) | joint | 2 |
| Trenching, mechanical | m | 0.25 |
| Lowering-in | m | 0.15 |
| Backfill | m | 0.15 |
| ROW reinstatement | km | 200 |
| HDD crossing, up to 24" | m | 4 |
| Road crossing, auger bore with casing | each | 120 |
| River crossing, open-cut | m | 15 |
| Tie-in weld | each | 40 |
| Hydrotest | km | 60 |
| Pipeline CP test point | each | 6 |
| Block valve station | each | 400 |
| Pig launcher / receiver | each | 300 |
Pre-commissioning & commissioning
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| System walkdown and punch listing | system | 16 |
| Punch-list clearance | system | 24 |
| Motor solo run, LV | each | 4 |
| Motor solo run, HV | each | 8 |
| Loop function test | loop | 2 |
| Cause and effect / SIF test | each | 6 |
| DCS / SIS I/O commissioning | point | 0.5 |
| Nitrogen / helium leak test | system | 24 |
| Drying and inerting | system | 40 |
| Package unit commissioning | module | 80 |
| Compressor run-in | each | 200 |
| Pre-startup safety review | each | 24 |
| Performance test run | system | 160 |
Engineering & procurement
Engineering deliverables
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Engineering drawing, A1 sheet (general) | sheet | 40 |
| Document review and comments | doc | 4 |
| Design calculation note | doc | 24 |
| Bill of quantities preparation | sheet | 3 |
| Process flow diagram (PFD) | sheet | 80 |
| P&ID, new sheet | sheet | 120 |
| Plot plan | sheet | 120 |
| Piping GA drawing | sheet | 80 |
| Isometric, model-extracted | sheet | 3 |
| Isometric, manual drafting | sheet | 8 |
| Pipe stress analysis, critical line | each | 16 |
| 3D model, per plant area | each | 400 |
| Material take-off (MTO), per area | doc | 40 |
| Process datasheet | doc | 12 |
| Mechanical equipment datasheet | doc | 16 |
| Instrument datasheet | doc | 4 |
| Technical specification | doc | 80 |
| Structural steel drawing | sheet | 40 |
| Foundation / civil drawing | sheet | 30 |
| Single-line diagram (SLD) | sheet | 40 |
| Cable schedule | sheet | 4 |
| Cable tray / lighting layout | sheet | 40 |
| Instrument index, per 100 tags | doc | 16 |
| I/O list | sheet | 6 |
| Loop diagram | sheet | 3 |
| Instrument hook-up drawing | sheet | 8 |
| Cause and effect chart | sheet | 16 |
| Control narrative | doc | 60 |
| HAZOP, per node | each | 12 |
Procurement & inspection
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Material requisition | doc | 16 |
| RFQ package | set | 24 |
| Technical bid evaluation | doc | 32 |
| Commercial bid evaluation | doc | 8 |
| Purchase order issue | each | 16 |
| Vendor document review | doc | 3 |
| Expediting, per PO-month | each | 4 |
| Inspection visit | each | 12 |
| Factory acceptance test (FAT) | each | 40 |
Software & IT
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Development effort per function point | FP | 8 |
| UI screen, medium complexity | screen | 16 |
| API endpoint with tests | endpoint | 12 |
| Test case writing | test case | 1 |
| Test case execution | test case | 0.5 |
| Technical documentation | page | 2 |
Power & renewables
Solar PV
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Driven pile / post for PV structure | each | 0.4 |
| Fixed-tilt structure assembly | MT | 25 |
| Single-axis tracker row assembly | each | 16 |
| PV module installation | each | 0.15 |
| DC string cabling | m | 0.03 |
| Cable trench, excavate and backfill | m | 0.4 |
| Combiner box | each | 4 |
| String inverter | each | 4 |
| Central inverter / inverter skid | each | 60 |
| MV transformer, 2.5 to 4 MVA | each | 60 |
| Plant SCADA and monitoring | system | 80 |
| String test (Voc, IV curve) | each | 0.4 |
Wind
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| WTG foundation reinforcement | MT | 30 |
| WTG foundation concrete, pumped | m³ | 2 |
| Anchor cage assembly | each | 120 |
| Tower section erection | each | 60 |
| Nacelle lift | each | 100 |
| Rotor / blade set installation | set | 120 |
| WTG erection complete, 3 to 5 MW | each | 600 |
| Collector cable, 33 kV | m | 0.2 |
| WTG commissioning | each | 200 |
Transmission & substations
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Tower foundation concrete | m³ | 6 |
| Lattice tower erection | MT | 30 |
| Conductor stringing, per circuit | km | 400 |
| OPGW / earth wire stringing | km | 120 |
| Insulator string | each | 2 |
| Tower earthing | each | 6 |
| Circuit breaker, 132 kV | each | 40 |
| Disconnector / isolator | each | 24 |
| CT / VT | each | 8 |
| Power transformer, 100 MVA | each | 600 |
| Gantry / equipment support steel | MT | 30 |
| Busbar / tubular bus | m | 1.5 |
| Control and relay panel | each | 24 |
| Substation earth mat conductor | m | 0.4 |
| Protection testing, per bay | each | 40 |
Buildings & infrastructure
Building MEP
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Water supply pipe, up to 1" | m | 0.6 |
| Water supply pipe, 1-1/2" to 4" | m | 1 |
| uPVC drainage pipe | m | 0.5 |
| WC with cistern | each | 4 |
| Wash basin with taps | each | 3 |
| Shower set | each | 4 |
| Booster pump set | each | 16 |
| HVAC ducting, fabricate and install | m² | 1.2 |
| Galvanised ductwork | kg | 0.12 |
| Diffuser / grille | each | 1 |
| Fan coil unit | each | 6 |
| Split AC unit | each | 6 |
| AHU, up to 10,000 m³/h | each | 24 |
| AHU, above 10,000 m³/h | each | 60 |
| Chiller, 300 to 500 TR | each | 200 |
| Chilled water pipe, 2" to 6" | m | 1.5 |
| Sprinkler pipe | m | 0.8 |
| Sprinkler head | each | 0.8 |
| Fire pump set | each | 60 |
| Fire alarm detector | each | 1 |
| Lighting point wiring | point | 1.2 |
| Power socket point wiring | point | 1.5 |
| BMS point | point | 1.5 |
| Passenger lift, up to 10 stops | each | 400 |
Roads & drainage
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Subgrade preparation | m² | 0.04 |
| Granular sub-base | m³ | 0.3 |
| Wet-mix macadam base | m³ | 0.4 |
| Asphalt paving | MT | 0.3 |
| Concrete pavement (PQC) | m³ | 3 |
| Precast kerb | m | 0.8 |
| Footpath paver blocks | m² | 1 |
| Storm drain pipe, 600 mm | m | 2 |
| Box culvert | m³ | 10 |
| Drainage manhole | each | 24 |
| Road marking, thermoplastic | m² | 0.15 |
Interiors & fit-out
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Gypsum false ceiling | m² | 0.8 |
| Drywall partition | m² | 1.2 |
| Door installation with hardware | each | 4 |
| Carpet tiles | m² | 0.3 |
| Vinyl flooring | m² | 0.4 |
| Raised access floor | m² | 0.6 |
| Glazed partition | m² | 2 |
| Built-in joinery / cabinets | m | 4 |
| Interior emulsion painting, 2 coats | m² | 0.2 |
General construction
Earthworks
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Excavation, manual, ordinary soil | m³ | 2.5 |
| Excavation, mechanical (operator + helper) | m³ | 0.15 |
| Backfilling and compaction in layers | m³ | 0.8 |
Concrete
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Plain cement concrete (PCC), mix, place, compact | m³ | 6 |
| Reinforced concrete, place and compact (manual) | m³ | 8 |
| Reinforced concrete, pumped | m³ | 2.5 |
| Formwork, fabricate, erect and strip | m² | 1.8 |
| Reinforcement, cut, bend and fix | MT | 25 |
Masonry & finishes
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Brick masonry, 230 mm wall | m³ | 15 |
| Concrete block masonry, 200 mm | m² | 1.4 |
| Cement plaster, 12 mm | m² | 0.6 |
| Industrial floor (VDF) finishing | m² | 0.35 |
| Floor tiling with bedding | m² | 1 |
| Painting, primer + 2 coats | m² | 0.25 |
| Waterproofing membrane | m² | 0.4 |
Structural steel
| Activity | Unit | MH / unit |
|---|
| Steel fabrication (shop) | MT | 35 |
| Steel erection and bolting | MT | 20 |
| Blasting and painting of steel | MT | 8 |
| Roof / wall sheeting | m² | 0.35 |
| Grating and handrail installation | m² | 1.2 |
Frequently asked questions
What is a man-hour norm?
The man-hours needed to complete one unit of work, such as one inch-diameter of butt weld or one tonne of structural steel, under reference conditions.
What is an inch-dia?
Inch-diameter is the standard unit for piping weld work: the nominal pipe size in inches multiplied by the number of joints. Ten 6-inch welds are 60 inch-dia.
Are these norms accurate for my project?
They are indicative planning values. Site productivity can vary by a factor of two or more between regions and projects. Use them for early estimates and calibrate with your own historical data.
Can I use my own norms?
Yes. The norms library in the scheduler is fully editable, and any activity can carry its own custom norm.
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